CONVENTIONAL ORTHODONTICS involves the normal placement of fixed braces to correct malalignment due to crowding, spacing, bite problems, teeth sticking out in either the upper or lower jaw or both. This usually requires extraction of teeth in crowded cases to correct the problem. Sometimes however, extractions are not required.

Fixed braces can usually be placed from around 12yrs of age onwards or after all the permanent teeth have erupted. In view of the aesthetic needs of working adults, other treatment options such as ceramic braces (clear braces), lingual braces (invisible braces) or clear suckdown removal braces (e.g. Invisalign or Clear Aligner) may be considered.